ELIZABETH BATHORY QUEEN VAMPIRE
BORN AUGUST 7,1560
எலிசபெத் பதோரி என்ற ரத்த காட்டேரியின் சுருக்கமான வரலாறு
எலிசபெத் பதோரி என்பவள் ஹங்கேரி அரசரின் மகளாய் பிறந்தவர்
உலகத்தில் 650 பெண்களை கொன்று ரத்தத்தில் குளித்தவள் ..
குடித்தவள் என்று கின்னஸ் புத்தகத்தில் இடம் பெற்றவள்
300 க்கும் மேற்பட்டசாட்சிகள் விசாரிக்கப்பட்டு ,எலும்பு கூடுகள் கைப்பற்றப்பட்டு ,உடந்தையாக இருந்தவர்கள் விசாரிக்கப்பட்டு
குற்றம் ஊர்ஜிதம் செய்யப்பட்டது
எலிசபெத் தன் 11 வயதில் Ferenc Nádasdy, என்பவருடன் நிச்சயதார்த்தம் நடைபெற்று 15 வயதில் திருமணம் 4500 விருந்தினருடன் தட புடலாய்
1575 மே 8 இல்ந டந்தது
திருமணத்திற்கு பின் மணமகன் வியன்னாவிற்கு படிக்க சென்று விட்டதால் நடாஸ்டி கோட்டையில் தனிமையில் வாழலானாள்
மணமகன் மணமக்களுக்கு சீதனமாய் கோட்டையை கொடுத்தான்
இந்த Csejteகோட்டை 17 கிராமங்களுக்கு நடுவில் அமைந்திருந்தது
1578 இல் துருக்கி ஓட்டமானுடன் போர் தொடங்கியதால் எலிசபெத்
நிர்வாகத்தை கவனிக்கலானாள் .1593-1606 வரை தொடர்ச்சியான போரினால் எலிசபெத் சீதன கோட்டையை துறந்து போடவேண்டியது அவசியம் ஆயிற்று -துருக்கியர்கள் கண்ணில் கண்ட பெண்களை எல்லாம் கற்பழித்தார்கள்
1585 இல் Anna Nádasdy
Orsolya1590
Katalin 1594
András Nádasdy1596
Pál (Paul) Nádasdy1598 லும் பிறந்தனர்
1601 இல் Ferenc Nádasdy நோயில் வீழ்ந்தான்
1602 இல் இருந்து 1604 வரை பதோரியின் அடங்காபிடாரித்தனம் பற்றி
1604 வரை புகார்கள் வந்தன .1604 ஜனவரி 4 இல் Ferenc Nádasdy இறந்தார்
இது பற்றி விசாரணை 1610 இல் தான் தொடங்கப்பட்டது
விசாரணையில் திடுக்கிடும் உண்மைகள் வெளியாயின
சுமார் 650 இளம் பெண்கள் அரண்மனை வேலைக்கென்று சென்றவர்கள்
திரும்பவே இல்லை -இவர்கள் சித்திரவதை செய்து கொல்லப்பட்டதாய்
சாட்சியங்கள் நிரூபணம் ஆனது
எலிசபெத்திற்கும் உடந்தையாக இருந்தவர்களுக்கும் மரண தண்டனை
நிறைவேற்ற உத்தரவாகியது -1610 டிசம்பர் 30 இல் எலிசபெத்து மற்றும்
நால்வர் Dorotya Semtész, Ilona Jó, Katarína Benická, and János Újváry ("Ibis" or Fickó) கைது செய்யப்பட்டனர்
இதில் மூவரான Semtész, Jó, and Ficko, ஆகியோருக்கு மரண தண்டனையாக கம்பத்தில் கட்டி எரிக்கப்பட்டனர்
இருவர் Semtész and Jóவிரல்கள் சூட்டுக்கோலால் பொசுக்கப்பட்டன Ficko தலை வெட்டப்பட்டது -பின்னரே மூவரும் எரிக்க பட்டனர்
எலிசபெத்திற்கு ஆயுள் தண்டனை -வீட்டை சிறையை மாற்றினார்
ஒரே ஒரு துவாரம் வழியாய் உணவு கொடுக்கப்பட்டது - உயரமாய்
ஒரே ஒரு ஜன்னல் .இதில் 5 வருட முடிவில் 1614 ஆகஸ்ட் 21 இல் மரணம்
அடைந்தாள் .ஆனால் 25 நவம்பர் 1614 இல் தான் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டாள்
Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Hungarian: Báthory Erzsébet, Romanian: Elisabeta Bathory, Slovak: Alžbeta Bátoriová ; 7 August 1560 – 21 August 1614)[2] was a serial killer from the Báthory family of nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary.
She has been labelled by Guinness World Records as the most prolific female murderer,[3]
though the precise number of her victims is debated. Báthory and four collaborators were accused of torturing and killing hundreds of young women between 1585 and 1609.[4]
The highest number of victims cited during Báthory's trial was 650. However, this number comes from the claim by a serving girl named Susannah that Jakab Szilvássy, Countess Báthory's court official, had seen the figure in one of Báthory's private books.
The book was never revealed, and Szilvássy never mentioned it in his testimony.[5] Despite the evidence against Elizabeth, her family's influence kept her from facing trial. She was imprisoned in December 1609 within Csetje Castle, Upper Hungary (now in Slovakia), and held in solitary confinement in a room whose windows were walled up where she remained imprisoned until her death five years later.
The stories of her serial murders and brutality are verified by the testimony of more than 300 witnesses and survivors as well as physical evidence and the presence of horribly mutilated dead, dying and imprisoned girls found at the time of her arrest.
[6] Stories which ascribe to her vampire-like tendencies (most famously the tale that she bathed in the blood of virgins to retain her youth) were generally recorded years after her death and are considered unreliable.
Her story quickly became part of national folklore, and her infamy persists to this day.[7] She is often compared with Vlad III the Impaler of Wallachia, on whom the fictional Count Dracula is partly based, and has been nicknamed The Blood Countess and Countess Dracula.
Early years[edit]
Ecsed, the lake and the old castle
Elizabeth Báthory was born on a family estate in Nyírbátor, Hungary, in 1560 or 1561, and spent her childhood at Ecsed Castle. Her father was George Báthory of the Ecsed branch of the family, brother of Andrew Bonaventura Báthory, who had been Voivode of Transylvania, while her mother was Anna Báthory (1539–1570), daughter of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó, another Voivode of Transylvania, who was of the Somlyó branch.
Through her mother, Elizabeth was the niece of the Hungarian noble Stephen Báthory, King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prince of Transylvania. As a young woman she learned Latin, German and Greek.[4][8] Born into a privileged family of nobility, Elizabeth was showered and endowed with wealth, education and a stellar social position
Elizabeth was engaged at age 11 to Ferenc Nádasdy, the son of Baron Tamás Nádasdy de Nádasd et Fogarasföld and Orsolya Kanizsay[9] in what was probably a political arrangement within the circles of the aristocracy. As Elizabeth's social standing was higher than that of her husband, she refused to change her last name, remaining a Báthory. The couple married when she was age 15 at the palace of Varannó on 8 May 1575.
Approximately 4,500 guests were invited to the wedding.[10] Elizabeth moved to Nádasdy Castle in Sárvár and spent much time on her own, while her husband studied in Vienna.
Nádasdy's wedding gift to Báthory was his household, Csejte Castle.[11] The castle had been bought by his mother in 1569 and given to Ferenc, who transferred it to Elizabeth during their nuptials[9]:35 situated in the Little Carpathians near Trencsén (now Trenčín), together with the Csejte country house and 17 adjacent villages.[11] The castle itself was surrounded by a village and agricultural lands, bordered by outcrops of the Little Carpathians.
In 1578, Nádasdy became the chief commander of Hungarian troops, leading them to war against the Ottomans.[12] With her husband away at war,
Elizabeth Báthory managed business affairs and the estates. That role usually included responsibility for the Hungarian and Slovak people, even providing medical care.[13]
Elizabeth's husband, Ferenc Nádasdy, died on 4 January 1604 at the age of 48.
Although the exact nature of the illness which led to his death is unknown, it seems to have started in 1601, and initially caused debilitating pain in his legs. From that time, he never fully recovered, and in 1603 became permanently disabled.
[17] The couple had been married for 29 years. Before dying, Ferenc Nádasdy entrusted his heirs and widow to György Thurzó, who would eventually lead the investigation into Elizabeth's crimes
.[
Accusation[edit]
Investigation
Between 1602 and 1604, after rumors of Báthory's atrocities had spread through the kingdom, Lutheran minister István Magyari made complaints against her, both publicly and at the court in Vienna.
[18] The Hungarian authorities took some time to respond to Magyari's complaints. Finally, in 1610, King Matthias II assigned György Thurzó, the Palatine of Hungary, to investigate.
Thurzó ordered two notaries to collect evidence in March 1610.[19] In 1610 and 1611, the notaries collected testimony from more than 300 witnesses. The trial records include the testimony of the four defendants, as well as thirteen witnesses. Priests, noblemen and commoners were questioned. Witnesses included the castellan and other personnel of Sárvár castle.
According to all testimony, Báthory's initial victims were the adolescent daughters of local peasants, many of whom were lured to Csejte by offers of well-paid work as maidservants in the castle.
Later, she is said to have begun to kill daughters of the lesser gentry, who were sent to her gynaeceum by their parents to learn courtly etiquette. Abductions were said to have occurred as well.[20]
The atrocities described most consistently included
severe beatings,
burning or mutilation of hands,
biting the flesh off the faces,
arms and other body parts,
freezing or starving to death.[20]
The use of needles was also mentioned
by the collaborators in court.
Some witnesses named relatives who died while at the gynaeceum.
Others reported having seen traces of torture on dead bodies,
some of which were buried in graveyards, and others in unmarked locations.
However, two witnesses (court officials Benedek Deseő and Jakab Szilvássy) actually saw the Countess herself torture and kill young servant girls.[9]
:96–99 According to the testimony of the defendants, Elizabeth Báthory tortured and killed her victims not only at Csejte but also on her properties in Sárvár, Németkeresztúr, Pozsony (today Bratislava), and Vienna, and elsewhere.
In addition to the defendants, several people were named for supplying Elizabeth Báthory with young women, procured either by deception or by force. A little-known figure named Anna Darvulia was rumored to have influenced Báthory, but Darvulia was dead long before the trial.
Arrest
Arrest
Thurzó went to Csejte Castle on 30 December 1610 and arrested Báthory and four of her servants, who were accused of being her accomplices:
Dorotya Semtész,
Ilona Jó,
Katarína Benická, and
János Újváry ("Ibis" or Fickó).
Thurzó's men reportedly found one girl dead and one dying and reported that another woman was found wounded while others were locked up.[6] The countess was put under house arrest.
Thurzó debated further proceedings with Elizabeth's son Paul and two of her sons-in-law. A trial and execution would have caused a public scandal and disgraced a noble and influential family (which at the time ruled Transylvania), and
Elizabeth's considerable property would have been seized by the crown.
Thurzó, along with Paul and her two sons-in-law, originally planned for Elizabeth to be spirited away to a nunnery, but as accounts of her murder of the daughters of lesser nobility spread, it was agreed that Elizabeth Báthory should be kept under strict house arrest and that further punishment should be avoided.[22]
King Matthias urged Thurzó to bring Elizabeth to trial and suggested she be sentenced to death, but Thurzó successfully convinced the king that such an act would negatively affect the nobility.
Thurzó's motivation for such an intervention is debated by scholars. It was decided that Matthias would not have to repay his large debt to Elizabeth.[23]
The trial of Báthory's accomplices began on 2 January 1611 at Bytča (Bicse), presided over by Royal Supreme Court judge Theodosious Syrmiensis de Szulo and 20 associate judges.
Dozens of witnesses and survivors, sometimes up to 35 a day, testified. All but one of the Countess's servants testified against her. In addition to the testimony, the court also examined the skeletons and cadaver parts found as evidence.
The exact number of Elizabeth Báthory's victims is unknown, and even contemporary estimates differed greatly. During the trial, Szentes and Ficko repo
rted 36 and 37 victims respectively, during their periods of service.
The other defendants estimated a number of 50 or higher. Many Sárvár castle
personnel estimated the number of bodies removed from the castle at between 100 and 200.
One witness, a woman named Susannah, who spoke at the trial
mentioned a book in which Báthory supposedly kept a list of a total of over 650 victims, and this number has passed into legend.[5]
As the number of 650 could not be proven, the official count remained at 80.[4] Reportedly, the location of the diaries is unknown but 32 letters written by
Báthory are stored in the Hungarian state archives in Budapest
Three of the defendants,
Semtész, Jó, and Ficko, were condemned to death and their sentences carried out immediately.
Before being burned at the stake,
Semtész and Jó had their fingers ripped off their hands with hot pincers.
[citation needed] Ficko, who was deemed less culpable, was beheaded, and his body burned.
Benická was sentenced to life imprisonment, since testimony indicated that she was dominated and bullied by the other women.
Following the trial, a red gallows was erected near the castle to show the public that justice had been done.
[c
Last years and death[edit]
Báthory was imprisoned in Csejte Castle and placed in solitary confinement.[24]
She was kept bricked in a set of rooms, with only small slits left open for ventilation and the passing of food. She remained there for four years, until her death.
On the evening of 21 August 1614, Báthory complained to her bodyguard that her hands were cold, whereupon he replied "It's nothing Mistress. Just go lie down."
She went to sleep and was found dead the following morning.[25] She was buried in the church of Csejte on 25 November 1614,[25]
but according to some sources due to the villagers' uproar over having "The Tigress of Csejte" buried in their cemetery,
her body was moved to her birth home at Ecsed, where it was interred at the Báthory family crypt.[26] The location of her body today is unknown.[27
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